Ukusetshenziswa kwama-antimicrobial, izinsalela, ukungazweli nobuholi emkhakheni wokudla nezolimo, eThanzaniya

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-antimicrobial, izinsalela, ukungazweli nobuholi emkhakheni wokudla nezolimo, eThanzaniya

Abstract

Zonke izifo zingelapheka uma nje amanxusa angama-etiological agents esengozini kuma-antimicrobial.

Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lendlela ama-antimicrobial angazweli ngalo kubeka izimpilo engcupheni emhlabeni wonke futhi kungalwa nama-antimicrobial adingakalayo ekulweni nezifo.

Ukunyuka kokufuneka kokudla okuvela ezilwaneni, ikakhulukazi amaqanda, inyama nobisi kunyuse izinga lokusetshenziswa kwama-antimicrobial kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kwawo kungaqhubekela phambili.

Ama-antimicrobial, asetshenziswa abalimi nabaqaphi bezilwane abangafundanga ngokufanele, bengenza ngendlela okungasiyo, bafake nezikali ezingafanele baphinde bengalandeli imithetho yezikhathi zokukhipha ngendlela.

Lolu cwaningo lwenzelwe ukuhlola izindima zokulawulwa nokuholwa kwama-microbials, kusungulwe indlela asetshenziswa ngayo nokuthi asetshenziswa kangakanani, kuhlolisiswe izinsalela zokungazweli ezilwaneni zokudla kanye nasezitshalweni emsebenzini wezolimo, bese kuqondaniswa nezindlela ezibekelwe ukuvimba ukuqubuka kokungazweli kama-antimicrobial eThanzaniya.

Kusetshenziswe indlela yokwenza ehlanganise ezahlukene (ucwaningo olwenziwa uhleli edeskini, ucwaningo olubheka indawo nokuphosa imibuzo ebantwini).

Kuvakashelwe nezikhungo ezifanelekile.

Kubukwe ukungazweli kwephenisilin G, i-chloramphenicol, i-streptomycin ne-oxytetracycline, ikakhulukazi kuma-Actinober pyogenes, ama-Staphylococcus intermedius nama-Staphylococcus aureus atholakala ezinkomeni nasebantwini abane-mastitis.

Kutholakale imikhuba efanayo ezinkukhwini okutholakale kuzo amaqanda nenyama ene-Escherichia coli engazweli uma ifakwa i-amoxicillin + ne-clavulanate, i-sulphamenthoxazole ne-neomycin.

Umkhuba owandayo we-E coli engayizweli imithi eminingi, i-Klebsiella pnuemoniae, i-Staphlococcus aurens ne-Salmonella watholakala ezilwanei zokudla.

Kubikwe ukwanda kwe-methicillin resistant Staphlococcus aureus(MRSA) ne-extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) emkhakheni wemfuyo eThanzaniya.

Ama-pathogens atholakale ezilwaneni kuphela abengayizweli i-ampicillin, i-augmentin, i-gentamicin, ico-trimoxazole, i-tetracycline, i-amoxicillin, i-streptomycin, i-nalidixic acid, i-azithromycin, i-chloramphenicol, i-tylosin, i-erythromycin, icefuroxime, inorfloxacin ne-ciprofloxacin.

Baqaphe ukunyuka kokusetshenziswa kwama-antimicrobials kwi-prophylaxis, nezokwelapha ama-phathogens nokugqugquzela ukukhula kwemfuyo, imfuyo yasemanzini nokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo.

Indlela yokwenza ye-One Health approach iyona ebekelwe ukulwa nokungazweli kwama-antimicrobial (AMR) emkhakheni wokudla nezolimo eThanzaniya.

Iziyalo ezingenzeka kalula zifaka

(a)

ukubuyekezwa nokusetshenziswa kwemithetho;

(b)

ukusetshenziswa kwama-antimicrobial (AMU), AMR nokuqwashisa ngensalela ye-antimicrobial (AR) nokubamqondomunye kubo bonke abathintekayo;

(c)

ukuqinisa izindlela zokuqapha ezinhlelweni ze-AMU, AMR neAR;

(d)

ukuthuthukiswa kokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokuhlola ezikhipha imiphumela ngokushesha nokukhuthazwa kwezimiso ze-biosecurity;

(e) nokulandelwa kahle kwezolimo.

Ukuzetshenziswa kwalolu lwazi ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubomgomo kwehliswe nomthwalo kwi-AMR kuzosiza.

Summary Title

Izindlela ezingcono zokusebenza zingehlisa ukungazweli kwama-antimicrobial eThanzaniya.

iThanzaniya inamazinga aphezulu okungazweli kwama-antimicrobial, okuchaza ukuthi imithi elwa nezifo ezidalwa ama-bacteria ayisebenzi ebantwini.

Abacwaningi babhekisise ukuthi kudalwa yini ukuthi ama-antimicrobial angazweli bathola ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle emkhakheni wezokudla nezolimo kumele ilungiswe ukuze kwehle ukungazweli kwama-antimicrobial.

Ama-antimicrobials asetshenziswa kakhulu ekudleni okuvela ezilwaneni futhi okuyalwe ngokweqa kwezempilo ukuthi kudliwe, okwenza angabe esasebenza kahle.

Ukungazweli kwama-antimicrobial emizimbeni kuyisitha esikhulu sezempilo emhlabeni wonke.

Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-microbials kungahambisana nabalimi nabanye abasebenza ngezilwane abanganamvume yokupha izilwane lama-microbials ngenxa yokungafundiseki kahle.

Lolu cwaningo lube nophenyo olubheka ukuthi uhulumeni ukulawula kanjani ukusetshenziswa kwama-microbial eThanzaniya.

Laba bacwaningi bebefuna nokubona ukuthi ama-microbials asetshenziswa ngokweqile kangakanani ngokubheka izinsalela zawo ekukhiqizweni kwenyama nezitshalo.

Inhloso yabo bekungukubeka umbono ngezindlela zokulapha ukungazweli kwama-microbial ezweni.

Abacwaningi babuyekeze imiqingo baphinde bavakashela izindawo ezisebenzisa ama-antimicrobial.

Baphinde baqaphela baphosa nemibuzo ebantwini abawu-32, baphinde baba nesigungu sokuxoxisana nabalimi bezinkukhu abawu-83.

Ucwaningo lwathola amazinga aphezulu okungazweli kwephenisilin G yama-antimicrobial, i-chloramphenicol, i-streptomycin ne-oxytetracyline.

Lawa ma-antimicrobial abalulekile asetshenziwa ukulwa nama-pathogens(amagciwane adala izifo) afana ne-Staphylococcus aureus, edala i-mastitis, eyisifo esibuhlungu esithelela amabele abantu nezinkomo zobisi.

Bathole eminye imiphumela ekhathazayo emkhakheni wezemfuyo, njengamazinga aphezulu okungazweli i-Escherichia coli (E coli) yama-antimocrobial, eThanzaniya, engadala izifo zesisu.

Abacwaningi baxwayisa ukuthi kunezinga elithusayo lama-antimicrobial asetshenziswa abalimi njengendlela yokuvikela iphinde isize imfuyo ukuthi ikhule ngokushesha.

Abacwaningi bancoma ukuthi umkhakha wezolimo lokudla eThanzaniya usebenzise i-One Health approach, ebheka imvelo, izilwane nabantu ababandakanyekayo ekusabalaleni kwezifo, ukuthi balwe nokungazweli kwama-antimicrobial.

Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi iThanzaniya ibuyekeze umthetho wezolimo nokuthi usetshenziswa kanjani.

Abacwaningi baseka ukuthi abalimi baphathe kahle imfuyo nokuthi kusetshenziswe izindlela zokuhlola ezikhipha imiphumela ngokushesha ukuqinisekisa izimpilo nokuphepha kwemfuyo yabo, ukuze kwehle ukusetshenziswa kwama-microbial okungaqondisiwe kulezo zilwane.