Ukuhluka kwesimo sesakhiwo se- A 6.5kb kwenza umehluko ngokunyusa izinga le-enzami i-P450 elekelela ukulwa nokunyuka kwezinga lamalaleveva ezindawo iziyisidleke sale sifo.

Kusemqoka ukuthi kucaciswe izindlela eziyindida ezisentshenziswa omiyane ukuvikela ukungena kobuthi bemithi yokubulala izinambuzane, ukuze kukuqikelelwe ukuthi ukusentshenziswa kwalemithi kwenza umehluko.

Lapha, sithole indima ye-6.5kb structural variation (SV) ekushayeleni ukumelana ne-cytochrome P450-mediated pyrethroid kumshini kamalaleveva, i-Anopheles funestus.

Ukulandelana okuphelele kwegenome okuhlanganisiwe kuthole i-intergenic 6.5kb SV phakathi kwe-CYP6P9a/b P450s eyimpinda komiyane abamelana ne-pyrethroid ngomcimbi wokuthutha.

Ukuhlaziywa komphromotha kwembule umsebenzi ophakeme ophindwe ka-17.5 (P<0.0001) wesiqephu esiphethe i-SV kunesingenayo i-SV.

Iphrofayela ye-qRT-PCR ye-CYP6P9a/b ye-SV genotype ngayinye isekele indima yayo njengesithuthukisi njengoba omiyane be-SV+/SV+ homozygote babe nokubonakala okukhulu kuzo zombili izakhi zofuzo kune-heterozygotes SV+/SV- (1.7-2-fold) kanye nama-homozygotes SV-/ I-SV- (4-5-fold).

Imiphumela ye-eseyi iPCR yaveza ukuthi kunokuxhumana phakathi kokuhluka kwesiqu sofuzo lomiyane nokugwema ukubulawa ubuthi bepyrethroid (SV+/SV+ vs SV-/SV-; OR=2079.4, P=<0.001).

I-6.5kb SV ikhona emazingeni aphezulu eningizimu ye-Afrika (80-100%) kodwa ayikho eMpumalanga/Emaphakathi/eNtshonalanga Afrika.

Izivivinyo zezindlu zokuhlola zembula ukuthi omiyane be-homozygote SV babenethuba elikhulu kakhulu lokusinda ekuchayekeni Amanethi aphethwe yi-pyrethroid (OR 27.7; P <0.0001) kanye nokudla kwegazi kunokuba sengozini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lomiyane abanohlobofuzo oluphindeke kathathu (SV+/CYP6P9a_R/CYP6P9b_R) lukwazi ukuzivikela ngokweqile ekutheni lungabulawa izithiyo ezakhelwe ukubulala omiyane.

Lolu cwaningo lubheka kakhulu ukubaluleka kokuhlukahlukana kokwakekheka kweziqu zofuzo lomiyane abakwazi ukuvika ubuthi okubulala izinambuzane ezindawene lapho zidlalubi khona kanye nomthelela ongemuhle walolu hlobo lomiyane wokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwesibulalizinambuzane i-pyrethroid.

Ososayinsi badalula izinguquko zokwemvelo ezenzeka ofuzweni I-DNA lomiyane okuyizo ezenza omiyane abatholakala emazweni aseNingizimu ye-Afrika bangafi uma befuthwa ngomuthi wokubabulala.

Ososayensi sebedalule izigameko ezihlukahlukene nge-DNA okuyiyo esiza omiyane ukuba bakwazi ukugwema ukubulawa ikhemikhali (isibulala zinambuzane).

Lokhu kunwebeka kwe-DNA kubonakala kukhulisa izakhi zofuzo ezivumela omiyane baseNingizimu Afrika ukuthi bacubungule kangcono i-pyrethroid, isibulala-zinambuzane esivamile esisetshenziswa amanetha ukuvimbela omiyane ekusakazeni umalaleveva kubantu.

Inethi encwilise emuthini wokubulala omiyane abathwala isifo sikamalaleveva iyona ndlela ethembekeli yokuvimba ukuthi omiyane bangasisabalalisi lesi sifo.

Nokuba kunjalo, kusandakuvela ukuthi imithi yokubulala omiyane, ayisasebenzi noma besendaweni lapho efuthwe khona abafi.

Ososayensi bahlose ukuveza izimo zokwemvelo ezenza ukuthi omiyane bavekeleke emanethini anomuthi owakhelwe ukuvekela abantu ngokubulala omiyane Ukuze bakwazi ukulawula kangcono umalaleveva.

Inhloso yabacwaningi ngokuqhuba loluncwaningo bekungukuveza ukuthi ukusabalala kwe-DNA yomiyane enguquke isiqu ngokwemvelo kuyimbangela yokuthi imithi yokunqanda lezilwanyana ingasebenzi.

Bebehlose nokubona ukuthi lezi zinguquko zofuzo lwemiyane ziwukhuba osabalele emazweni onke ase-Afrika yini.

Abacubunguli bahlaziye ama-DNA omiyane bamazwe ahlukahlukene, ngenhloso yokuthola ukuthi ngabe bonke bayakwazi ukuphila endaweni evikelwe nge-pyrethroid.

Basebenzise ukumodela ngekhompyutha, izinhlolo zaselabhorethri kanye nokuhlola ngemiyane okukhishwe emaqhugwaneni okuhlola ukukhipha iziphetho zabo.

Bathole ukuthi kune-DNA eholela ekutheni omiyane abathwala isifo samalaleveva baguqukele esimeni sokukwazi ukumelana nomuthi ofakwa emanetheni obulala omiyane ukuze kunqandeke ukusabalala kwamalaleveva.

Bonke omiyane abakwazile ukumelana ne-pyrethoid kulolu ncwaningo batholakale bene-DNA eguqulwe isimo sokwemvelo, enesiqu esikhulu.

Okumangazayo ukuthi lolu hlobo lomiyane luvela emazwe aseNingizimu ye-Afrika kuphela; kwamanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga, eMpumalanga naPhakathi ne-Afrika awanalo loluhlobo lo miyane.

Nakuba ososayensi bebevele bebazi ukuthi omiyane abathwele umalaleveva sebeyakwazi ukumelana namakhemikhali esiwabulala, lolu cwaningo luchaza ukuthi bakwazi kanjani ukubalekela izibulala-zinambuzane ngokwezinga lofuzo.

Abacwaningi badidiyele imetodi entsha yokulawula ushintsho lokuguquka kwe-DNA komiyane, ezodlala indima esemqoka kososayensi abayokwenza uncwaningo ngalesimo enkathini engakafiki.

Abacwaningi babalule ukuthi abacwaningi bezikhathi ezizayo kumele bancwaningisise imbangela nezigaba zokuguquka kwe-DNA yomiyane, nokuthi iyona yiphi imbewu enomthelela wokuthi omiyane abathwala umalaleveva bakwazi ukuguquka bamelane nemithi yokubabulala.

Abacwaningi base-Cameroon basiphonsele inselelo ngalolu ncwaningo yokuthi siqhamuke nezindlela ezintsha zokunqanda ukusabalala kwesifo sikamalaleveva, ikakhukazi emazweni aseNingizimu ye-Afrika njengoba sesinabo ubufakazi be-DNA obuveza imbangela yokuthi omiyane bakwazi ukugwema amanethi anomuthi wokuvikela.