Gano qwayar cutar zazzavin cizon sauro a cikin busassun xigon jin xan’adam ta hanyar yin amfani da na’urar infared a fagen spectroscopy da nazarin ilimin maida abu baya

Tsakure

ShimfiƊda

 Binciken cututtukan masu yaxuwa kan zazzavin cizon sauro a halin yanzu ya dogara ne da qwajin na’urar makroskop, bambance sarqiyar qwayar polymerase (PCR) ko kayan gwajin gaggawa na cututtuka masu alaqa da Plasmodium (RDTs).

Wannan binciken ya bincika ko na’urar infared haɗe da kula da koyon na'ura na iya zama wata hanya ta dabam don saurin gwajin zazzavin cizon sauro, kai tsaye daga busassun wuraren jinin ɗan’adam.

Hanyoyi

 An samo takardun tacewa masu ɗauke da busassun xigon na jini (DBS) daga wani binciken cutar zazzavin cizon sauro a sassa 12 a kudu maso gabashin Tanzaniya a cikin 2018/19.

An duba DBS ta hanyar amfani da sikelin infared mai cikakken canjin tunani, wato Fourier Transmission Infrared (ATR-FTIR) don samun babban sikelin MIR a cikin kewayen 4000 cm-1 zuwa 500 cm-1.

An tsaftace sikelin don maye gurbin shishigin tururin ruwa na yanayi na CO2 kuma an yi amfani da su don horar da lissafi daban-daban su bambanta tsakanin takardun DBS masu cutar zazzavin cizon sauro marasa ciwon bisa ga sakamakon gwajin PCR a matsayin manazarta.

Binciken ya yi la'akari da mutane 296, ciki har da 123 da PCR ta tabbatar suna da cutar zazzavin cizon sauro da 173 marasa ciwon.

An yi horon ƙirar hanyar lissafin ta amfani da 80% na bayanan, bayan haka an inganta ƙirar mafi dacewa ta hanyar juya 80/20 a rarrabuwar gwajin.

An kimanta hanyoyin lissafin da aka horar ta hanyar tsinkayar ƙimar qwayar zazzavin cizon sauro a cikin ingantaccen saitin 20% na DBS.

Sakamako

 Tsarin Maida Sakamako baya da hankali shine mafi kyawun hanyoyin lissafin.

Idan akai la'akari da PCR a matsayin tunani, samfuran sun sami cikakkiyar daidaito na 92% don tsinkayar cututtukan cututtukan P. falciparum (ƙayyadaddun = 91.7%; hankali = 92.8%) da 85% don tsinkayar gauraye cututtuka na P. falciparum da Plasmodium ovale (ƙayyadaddun = 85%, hankali = 85%) a cikin samfurin da aka tattara a filin.

Kammalawa

 Waɗannan sakamakon sun nuna cewa za a iya amfani da duban dan tayi na tsakiyar infrared tare da koyan injuna mai kulawa (MIR-ML) don auna cutar zazzabin cizon sauro a cikin DBS na ɗan adam.

Hanyar na iya samun yuwuwar yin gwajin sauri da haɓakawa na qwayar zazzavin cizon sauro a cikin saitunan marasa lafiya (misali, binciken filin) ​​da saitunan asibiti (ciwon sukari don taimakawa sarrafa yanayin).

Sai dai, kafin a yi amfani da hanyar, muna buƙatar ƙarin tabbaci daga bincike na fage a wasu rukunonin binciken tare da yawan ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban, da zurfin kimanta tushen ilimin halittu na siginar MIR.

Haɓaka hanyoyin lissafi masu rarrabe abubuwa, da horon ababen lissafi akan manyan bayanai kuma na iya haɓaka ƙayyadaddun bayanai da hankali.

Tsarin duban gani na MIR-ML yana da ƙarfi a jiki, mai ƙarancin farashi, kuma baya buƙatar kulawa sosai.

Koyon na’ura haɗe da spectroscopy don gano zazzavin cizon sauro

 Masu bincike sun qirqiro wata sabuwar dabarar gano cututtukan zazzavin cizon sauro mafi sauqi kuma mafi inganci fiye da dabarun da gwaje-gwajen da ake da su a yanzu.

Hanyarsu ta dogara ne da fasaha mai suna Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy, da koyon na’ura.

Yana da muhimmanci a bi diddigin cututtukan zazzavin cizon sauro a cikin mutane da kuma a cikin sauro don hukumomi su shirya hanyoyin kiwon lafiya da magance cutar.

Masu bincike a halin yanzu sun dogara da na'urorin hange na microscopes, gwajin ninninka gwayar halitta (PCR) ko gwaje-gwaje masu sauri don gano cutar zazzavin cizon sauro, sai dai waɗannan hanyoyin ba za su iya zama abin dogaro ba, suna da yawan aiki, suna buƙatar ƙwararrun mutane da yawa ko kuma aiwatar da su ya zama da tsada sosai a cikin lunguna ko yankunan karkara.

Wannan binciken ya binciko ko fasahar gwaji na na’urar infared, haxe da koyon na’ura, na iya zama wata hanyar da ta dace don tantance qwayar cutar cizon sauro daga busashen xigon jinin xan’adam.

 Masu binciken sun sami busassun xigon jini daga binciken da aka yi kan mutane da suka kamu da cutar a cikin al'ummar da ke fama da zazzavin cizon sauro a Tanzaniya.

Sun haska busassun xigon jinin ta amfani da na'urar sikirin na MIR.

 Sun yi nazarin busashen jinin mutane 296, wanda ya ƙunshi masu cutar zazzavin cizon sauro 123 da kuma 173 marasa ciwon, waɗanda aka tabbatar da gwajin PCR.

Masu binciken sun horar da na'urar koyon lissafi ta hanyar amfani da kashi 80% na bayanan gwajin zazzavin cizon sauro, kuma suka tantance mafi kyawun hanyoyi da za su dace da tsinkaya idan samfurin ya tabbata yana da qwayar ciwon cizon sauro mai suna Plasmodium falciparum.

Masu bincike sun gano wani tsarin lissafin da ya yi daidai da 92% wajen hasashen gono qwayar Plasmodium falciparum, kuma 85% wajen hasashen gauraye cututtuka na Plasmodium falciparum da Plasmodium ovale, wani nau’in cutar zazzavin cizon sauro.

 Binciken da aka yi a baya ya nuna cewa ana iya amfani da na’urar infared (MIR) don gano qwayoyin cutar zazzavin cizon sauro.

Wannan binciken ya tabbatar da cewa, wannan dabarar wata hanya ce da za a iya dogaro da ita wajen rarrabe jinin da ya kamu da zazzavin cizon sauro da wanda bai kamu da shi ba daga busashen xigon jinin xa’adam.

Wannan yana da muhimmanci saboda yana nufin ba a buƙatar ƙarin wasu sinadarai ko wasu dabaru kafin aiwatarwa ga samfurori.

Hakanan yana ba da ƙarin shaida na yuwuwar amfanin na’urar infared da dabarun sinadarai masu sarrafa bayanai, waɗanda aka sani da chemometrics, wajen bin diddigin cututtukan da sauro ke haifarwa.

 Xaya daga cikin matsalolin wannan binciken shine yawan samfuran da aka yi amfani da su ba su da yawa, jimlar 296 kawai.

Wani kuma shi ne cewa masu bincike ba su iya yin la'akari da yadda sauye-sauye irin su anemia, jinsi, shekaru, da lokacin ajiya zai iya rinjayar tasiri da rashin daidaituwa na samfurorin jinin ba.