Ukulingisa kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kohlelo Lwamandla Avuselelwe Amandla Ahlanganisiwe e-Semonkong, eLesotho

Abstract

Izindi zamagquma nezintaba ezimahlikihliki ezinezigodi ezinabantu abancane zigcwele izwe laseLesotho, okwenza kubize ngendlela evimbayo futhi kube yinto engeke yenze umqondo ngokezimali ukuxhuma lezo zigodi egridini yezwe.

Lokhu kuswelakal kokukwazi ukufika kugesi sekuthiye izintuthuko eziningi zomphakathi kanye nohwebo ngenxa yokuhlinzekwa okunganele kwamandla kagesi adingeka kakhulu emakhaya, ezikoleni, eziteshini zamaphoyisa, emitholampilo kanaye namabhizinisi endawo.

Leli phepha lihlongoza uhlelo lokhuphehla ugesi ngezinsiza ezingapheli oluxubile lwedolobha eliqhelile kwezinye izindawo elinjengeSemonkong, esifundeni saseMaseru, eLesotho.

Amamodeli ocwaningo ayafanekisa aphinde asebenzise ngokuphelele uhlelo lwamandla oluxubile kusetshenziswa ishadi eliveza ukudingeka nokuhlinzekwa kukagesi kwaseSemonkong kanye nemininingo yezinsiza ezingapheli ezikhona zemisebe yelanga, ijubane lomoya, kanye namazinga okugeleza kwamanzi asuka emfuleni oseduze iMaletsunyane.

Uhlelo lobuchwepheshe i-HOMER isetshenziswa ukuhlinzeka ukuhlelwa kohlelo ngendlela ezoba nomphumela omkhulu ngokwesibalosiqalo sezindleko ezihlukaniswe ngamazinga zikagesi neqhezu lesibalosigcino lweneji engapheli, kususelwa emothonjeni eyahlukene yeneji engapheli nehlukile kweyejwayelekile yamandla esola, isiphehli somoya, isiphehli samanzi esincane, isiphehli sikadizili kanye nokulondolozwa emalahleni.

Uhlaziyo lokuzwela emisebeni yelanga, ijubane lomoya, ukugeleza kwamanzi, intengo kadizili kanye nokudingeka kukagesi kwenziwa ukuhlola amathuba okwenzeka ohlelo olusebenza ngokuphelel ngamandla angapheli olungavumelana nokusetshenziswa kule ndawo eqhelile.

Imiphumela yesifanekiso sokuhlelwa kohlelo oyingxube yamanzi/umoya/isola/udizili/amalahle oluhlukanisiwe lwakhushulwa izinga lemiphumela luthola i-LCOE ka-US$0.289 nge-kW ngalinye eqhezwini leneji engapheli lika-0.98.

Ngakho, udizili uzodingeka ukuthi ugcwalisele ukunikezelwa kwamandla eSemonkong ikakhulu ngezinyanga ezomile nezibandayo zobusika zika-May kuya kuSeptember ngesikahthi isidingo seneji siphezulu kodwa imisebe yelanga nokugeleza kwamanzi kuphansi kunazo zonke izikhathi.

Summary Title

Ukuphehlwa kweneji engapheli enentengo ekhonekayo kungenzeka eSemonkong, eLesotho.

Abacwaningi bathi indawo yaseLesotho iSemonkong eqhelile ezindaweni eziningi ingehlisa izindleko zokuhlinzekwa kukagesi ngo-40% ngokukhuphula ingxube yegridi yeneji engapheli kusuka ku-66% kuya ku-98% kusetshenziswa umoya, ukuphehla ugesi ngamanzi, ilahle (battery) kanye namandla esola.

Lo 2% osele ungavalwa ngeziphehli zikadizili.

Idolobha elincane iSemonkong, esifundeni saseMaseru, likwelinye lezindi zamathafa nezintaba okumahlikihliki zaseLesotho, okwenza kubize ukuhlinzeka ugesi.

Ngalokho, iSemonkong okwamanje isebenzisa ugesi opehlwe ngamanzi ophehlwa ngomfula wendawo iMaletsunyane ukuhlinzeka u-66% wogesi wayo.

Lo munye u-34% uqhamuka eziphehlini zikagesi.

Lolu cwaningo luqonde ukusebenzisa uhlelo lobuchwepheshe i-HOMER (Hybrid Optimisation Model for Electric Renewable) ukubala amandla ayisikalosigcino angaphehleka kusetshenziswa imithombo yeneji engapheli etholakalayo esifundeni entengweni ephansi kunakho konke.

Abacwaningi basebenzise uhlelo lobuchwepheshe i-HOMER ukufuzisa igridi kagesi yendawo yaseSemonkong ekhompuyutheni ngokuhlola imithelela yokwengeza amanani ahlukene obuchwepheshe beneji engapheli afana namandla esola (ineji esuka ezingcwecweni zesola), umoya, ugesi ophehlwe ngamanzi, kanye nokulondolozwa emalahleni.

Abacwaningi babale izindleko ezihlukaniswe ngamazinga zeneji (i-LCOE) kwingxube yegridi ngayinye ukuthola ukuthi kungabiza malini empilweni yengqalasizinda.

Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi inketho yegridi kagesi eshibhe kunawo wonke eSemonkong ingxube yeneji engapheli yomoya, ugesi ophehlwe ngamanzi kanye namalahle.

Le ngxube yegridi kagesi ingabe iwu-94% weneji engapheli, kuthi u-6% uvalwe iziphehli zikadizili.

Inketho enamathuba engxenye ephezulu kunazo zonke eneji engapheli ku-98% yengeza amandla esola engxubeni yegridi kagesi eshibhe kunazo zonke, ishiye u-2% ozovalwa iziphehli zikadizili.

Uma lezi zifanekiso zohlelo lobuchwepheshe bekhompuyutha zenziwe, kungathuthukisa ingxube yamanje yegridi yamandla kagesi ophehlwe ngamanzi ongapheli asuselwa emfuleni iMaletsunyane evala u-66%, bese udizili uvale u-34%.

Ucwaningo luveza ukuthi igridi eno-98% weneji engapheli ungabiza ngokwehle ngo-40%.

Lolu cwaningo lusebenzise imininingo eqondene ngqo neSemonkong, okwenza ukuthi imiphumela iqondane ngqo neSemonkong.

Lolu cwaningo luveza izinsiza zemvelo ezifana nomoya, imifula, kanye nezindawo lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kukuningi khona kungasetshenziswa ukulekelela amagridi endawo kanye nawezwe ngentengo eyehlile.