Bambancin tsari tsakanin 6.5kb yana haɓaka juriya na tsaka-tsaki na P450 ga maganin feshi na pyrethroids a cikin sauruka masu sa zazzaɓin cizon sauro yana rage tasirin gidan sauro na gado.

Haɓaka haɗaɗɗun ma'ajiyar kayan aikin juyin halitta waɗanda saururuka suke jibgewa a kan magungunan ƙwari yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye tasirin maganin ƙwari.

A nan, mun bi-sawun rawar bambance-bambancen 6.5kb na tsarin (SV) a cikin tuƙin cytochrome P450 mai matsakaicin juriyar maganin feshi na pyrethroid a cikin sauruka masu sa zazzaɓin cizon sauro, wato Anopheles funestus.

Gabaɗayan jerin abubuwan da aka tattara na ilahirin ƙwayoyin gado sun gano wani nau'in 6.5kb SV tsakanin kwafi CYP6P9a/b P450s a cikin sauruka masu jurewa maganin feshi na pyrethroid yayin karyewa gida biyu.

Binciken mai haɓakawa ya nuna babban aiki mai ninki 17.5 (P <0.0001) don guntun mai-SV fiye da marar-SV.

Bayyana qRT-PCR ga bayanin CYP6P9a/b ga kowane nau’in ƙwayoyin gado na mutum na SV ya goyi bayan rawar da yake takawa a matsayin mai haɓakawa tun lokacin da saurukan homozygote na SV+/SV+ ya fi girman bayyana ga duka ƙwayoyin halitta fiye da heterozygotes SV+/SV- (1.7-2-ninka) da kuma homozygotes SV-/SV- (4-5-ninka).

Zayyana wani gwajin PCR ya bayyana ƙaƙƙarfan haɗin gwiwa tsakanin wannan SV da kuma juriya ga maganin feshi na pyrethroid (SV+/SV+ vs SV-/SV-; OR=2079.4, P=<0.001).

6.5kb SV yana nan da yawa a kudancin Afirka (80-100%) amma ba ya nan a Gabashin/Tsakiya/Yammacin Afirka.

Gwaje-gwajen bukka sun nuna cewa sauruka na homozygote SV suna da babbar dama ta tsira bayan shiga gidajen sauro da aka yi wa feshin pyrethroid (OR 27.7; P <0.0001) da kuma shan jini fiye da mai sauƙin kamuwa.

Haka kuma, juriya na homozygote sau uku (SV+/CYP6P9a_R/CYP6P9b_R) yana nuna matakin juriya mafi girma wanda yake haifar da mafi girman damar tsira bayan shiga gidajen sauro fiye da sauruka masu sauƙin kamuwa da sau uku, yana nuna wani tasiri mai ƙarfi.

Wannan binciken ya nuna muhimmiyar rawar da bambance-bambancen tsarin ke da shi wajen haɓaka juriya na maganin ƙwari a cikin sauruka masu sa zazzaɓin cizon sauro da kuma mummunan tasirinsu a kan inganci na gidajen sauro da aka yi musu feshin pyrethroid.

Masana kimiyya sun gano sauye-sauyen ƙwayoyin halittar DNA waɗanda suke ba wa sauruka na kudancin Afirka damar tsira daga magungunan ƙwari.

Masana kimiyya sun gano wani yanki na ƙwayar halittar DNA wanda yake taimaka wa sauruka jurewa wani sinadari da aka samar domin kashe su (magungunan ƙwari).

Wannan yanki na ƙwayar halittar DNA da alama yana haɓaka ƙwayoyin halittar da suke ba da damar sauruka a kudancin Afirka domin sarrafa maganin feshi na pyrethroid, wato maganin ƙwari na yau da kullum da ake amfani da shi a cikin gidajen sauro don hana sauruka yaɗa cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro ga mutane.

Gidajen sauro da aka fesawa maganin ƙwari suna ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a bi don hana sauruka masu ɗauke da zazzaɓin cizon sauro yaɗa cutar ga mutane.

Sai dai kuma, a baya-bayan nan da alama sauruka suna ci gaba da rayuwa duk da fesa musu magungunan ƙwari masu kisa.

Masana kimiyya suna son bayyana dalilin nazarin halittu da suke tattare da wannan juriya na maganin ƙwari domin a inganta gidajen sauro domin magance zazzaɓin cizon sauro.

A cikin wannan binciken, masu bincike sun so su nuna yadda yankin ƙwayar halittar DNA da aka sauya ɗin a cikin sauruka masu sa zazzaɓin cizon sauro suke ƙara juriya ga maganin ƙwari na feshi na pyrethroid.

Haka nan kuma sun kuma so su ga ko ana samun wannan karɓuwar ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin sauruka a yankuna daban-daban na nahiyar Afirka.

Masu binciken sun yi nazarin ƙwayar halittar DNA na yawan sauro daban-daban, kuma sun bincika yadda sauruka suke jurewa maganin feshin na pyrethroid.

Sun yi amfani da samfurin kwamfuta da gwaje-gwajen ɗakin gwaje-gwaje da gwaji tare da saurukan da aka saki a cikin bukkokin gwaji domin samun sakamako.

Sun gano cewa kasancewar ƙwayar halittar DNA ta haifar da sauruka masu sa zazzaɓin cizon sauro da suke samun juriya ga gidajen sauro da aka fesawa maganin ƙwari.

Duk saurukan da suke da juriya ga maganin feshi na pyrethroid a cikin wannan binciken suna da babban, yankin ƙwayar halittar DNA da aka sauya.

Amma abin sha’awa, waɗannan sauruka sun fito ne daga kudancin Afirka; ba a sami sauyi a cikin sauruka masu sa zazzaɓin cizon sauro a yamma ko gabas ko tsakiyar Afirka ba.

Yayin da masana kimiyya suka rigaya suka san cewa sauruka masu ɗauke da zazzaɓin cizon sauro suna samun juriya ga sinadarai da muke amfani da su wajen kashe su, wannan binciken ya yi bayanin yadda suke guje wa magungunan ƙwari a matakin ƙwayoyin halitta.

Haka nan masu binciken sun kuma samar da wata sabuwar hanya ta sa-ido kan sauyi na ƙwayar halittar DNA a cikin sauruka, wanda zai yi amfani ga sauran masana kimiyya da suke duban hakan nan gaba.

Masu binciken sun ba da shawarar cewa aikin nan gaba ya kamata ya yi nazari sosai a kan irin waɗannan sauye-sauyen jeri na ƙwayar halittar DNA da aka sauya da kuma daidai yadda suke shafar ƙwayoyin juriya a cikin sauruka masu sa zazzaɓiin cizon sauro.

Wannan binciken da masu bincike na ƙasar Kamaru suka gudanar ya nuna cewa muna buƙatar sababbin hanyoyin daƙile yaɗuwar cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro, musamman a kudancin Afirka, inda a yanzu haka muna da shaidar ƙwayar halittar DNA a kan dalilin da ya sa sauruka suke iya gujewa gidajen sauro da aka fesawa maganin ƙwari.