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Masu bincike sun gano nau’o’in ƙwayoyin cutar Streptococcus na Afirka don ingantattun magunguna

Hausa translation of DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00429-20

Published onMay 20, 2023
Masu bincike sun gano nau’o’in ƙwayoyin cutar Streptococcus na Afirka don ingantattun magunguna
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Tsararriyar Bita da Binciken-Fannu na Yawaitar Gungun Strep A emm a Afirka don Sanar da ci Gaban Magani

Tsakure

ShimfiƊda:

 An gabatar da tsarin tushen gungun emm a matsayin madaidaicin tsarin nau’in don sauƙaƙe da haɓaka nazarin nan gaba na sa-ido a kan yaɗuwar Rukunin A na ƙwayoyin cutar Streptococcus (Strep A), aikin M protein da dabarun haɓaka maganin.

Muna ba shaidar rarrabuwar tushen gungun emm Strep A a Afirka kuma muna tantance yiwuwar ɗaukar sabon maganin 30-valent dangane da tsarin tushen gungu emm.

Hanya:

 Masu bita guda biyu mabambanta sun tantance binciken da aka samo daga cikakken bincike kuma suka fitar da bayanan da suka dace.

An gudanar da nazarin-fannu (samfurin tasirin bazuwar) don tara ƙididdige ƙididdigar ƙiyasin yawaitar gungun emm.

Sakamako:

 Nazari guda takwas (n=1,595 na keɓe) ya bayyana manyan gungun emm kamar E6 (18%, 95% tazarar amincewa (CI), 12.6; 24.0%), sannan biye da E3 (14%, 95% CI, 11.2; 17.4%) da kuma E4 (13%, 95%CI, 9.5; 16.0%).

Akwai bambance-bambancen ‘yan kaɗan a cikin gungun emm dangane da yankuna da shekaru da matsayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a duk faɗin nahiyar.

Ta yin la’akari da dabarun maganin ƙwayar gungun emm, wanda yake ɗaukar matakan kariya a cikin gungu, a halin yanzu ana ƙoƙarin samar da maganin 30-valent, wanda hasashe zai warkar da kashi 80.3% a keɓe a Afirka.

Kammalawa:

 Wannan tsararriyar bita tana nuna babban gungu emm na Strep A a Afirka shi ne E6 wanda E3, E4 da kuma D4 suka biyo baya.

Maganin 30-valent na yanzu zai ba da babbar fa'ida a cikin nau’o’in gungun emm a Afirka.

Ƙoƙari na gaba zai mayar da hankali ne wajen ƙididdige yiwuwar ɗaukar hoto na sabon maganin 30-valent dangane da bincike samfurin cross-opsonization tare da ɓangarori na wakilcin Strep A keɓe daga yawan samfuran da ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan Strep A.

Muhimmanci:

 Karancin ɗaukar maganin abu ne mai matuƙar damuwa ga lafiyar jama'a, musamman a ƙasashe masu tasowa waɗanda galibi ba su da bayanan cutar.

Don sanar da ci gaban maganin ga rukunin A na ƙwayoyin cutar streptococcus (Strep A), mun ba da rahoto game da yaɗuwar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na M Protein gungun emm daga cututtukan Strep A a Afirka, inda cututtukan da suke da alaƙa da Strep A da biyo baya ɗin su ciki har da zazzaɓin jijiyoyi da cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya, waɗanda suna girma sosai.

Wannan rahoto na farko na gungun emm a duk faɗin nahiyar ya nuna yiwuwar ɗaukar hoto ta hanyar maganin ƙwayar cuta ta M Protein da ake gwadawa a halin yanzu, hanya ce wadda za a yi amfani da gungun emm.


Masu bincike sun gano nau’o’in ƙwayoyin cutar Streptococcus na Afirka don ingantattun magunguna

 Bayan nazarin bincike masu yawa a kan ƙwayoyin cutar Streptococcus, masu bincike sun gano nau’o’in da suka zama ruwan-dare a Afirka.

Sakamakon binciken nasu zai haɓaka bincike kan ingantattun magunguna a kan wasu nau’o’in na musamman.

 Kamuwa da cuta tare da Rukunin A na Ƙwayoyin Cutar Streptococcus ko ‘GAS’, na iya haifar da wasu munanan cututtuka, ciki har da ciwon huhu da ciwon ƙwayoyin cuta masu sa ɗaɗewar fata, waɗanɗa za su iya haifar da kisa.

A Afirka, ana samun mutane masu fama da cutar GAS mai tsanini miliyan 1.78 a kowace shekara.

 An gano sama da ‘nau’o’i’ 200 na GAS, don haka masana kimiyya sun samar da tsarin haɗa nau’o’in, bisa bambance-bambance a cikin furoti na musamman da ake kira M protein.

Ta yin amfani da wannan hanyar, sun samar da wani maganin don rukunoni iri ɗaya, wanda ake kira gungun emm.

An samo maganin ne bisa bayanai daga binciken da aka yi a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba, amma bayanai kadan aka sanu a kan yadda za a yi amfani da shi a Afirka.

 A cikin wannan binciken, masu bincike sun kwatanta bayanai daga sauran nazari a kan GAS a cikin ƙasashen Afirka don tantance ko wane nau’i na gungun emm ne ya fi zama ruwan-dare a faɗin nahiyar.

Musamman ma, suna son fahimtar yadda tasirin maganin na yanzu zai iya kasancewa a yankin.

 Masu binciken sun fara ne da wani faffaɗan bincike na ƙasidun kimiyya game da GAS a Afirka, sannan suka taƙaita nazarinsu zuwa na musamman da suka yi magana game da gungun emm.

Wannan ya bar su da jimillar nazarce-nazarce guda takwas, waɗanda aka suka bazu a ƙasashe guda biyar:

Afirka ta Kudu da Mali da Kenya, Tanzaniya da kumaTunisiya.

 Ta hanyar nazarin waɗannan binciken daki-daki, masu binciken sun sami damar tantance gungun emm waɗanda suka fi zama ruwan-dare, da kuma ɗaiɗaikun nau’o’in GAS aka samu.

Daga nan sai suka kwatanta wannan bayanin da nau’o’in musamman na GAS da sabon maganin aka yi niyya.

Masu binciken sun sami gungu huɗu na gama-gari waɗanda suka bayyana a duk faɗin nahiyar, amma ba su ga bambanci da yawa a cikin shekaru ko matsayin tattalin arziƙin mutanen da abin ya shafa ba.

 A yayin da suka kwatanta nau’o’in GAS da ke aukuwa a Afirka da nau’in maganin da ke kare su, sun gano cewa maganin na iya yin tasiri ga kusan kashi 60% na nau’o’in.

Masu binciken sun nuna, duk da haka, cewa maganin na iya samar da ingantacciyar kariya daga nau’o’in da suke cikin gungu na emm iri ɗaya.

Ke nan a aikace, wannan na iya nufin maganin zai kare mutane daga kashi 80% na nau’o’in GAS da ake samu a Afirka.

 Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa sabon maganin na GAS na iya yin tasiri a nahiyar Afirka, amma masu binciken sun lura da cewa gungun emm na Afirka na yau da kullum ba kamar yadda ake gani a sauran sassan duniya ba ne.

A nan gaba, ciki har da nau’o’in da ba su da wakilci yayin haɓaka maganin na iya yin tasiri sosai a cikin yanayin Afirka.

 Masu binciken sun bayyana cewa akwai kuma ƙarancin bayanai game da GAS a mafi yawancin ƙasashen Afirka masu ƙaramin ƙarfi da matsakaita.

Ƙara bayanai daga waɗannan wuraren na iya ba wa masana ilimin kimiyya cikakken hoto na matsalar.

 Bugu da ƙari, akwai wasu nau’o’in GAS waɗanda ba su cikin tsarin gungun emm, mai yiwuwa saboda sababbin nau’o’i ne.

Binciken na nan gaba ya mayar da hankali kan tantance inda ire-iren waɗannan nau’o’in za su ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen haɓakar magani, da sakamako mai kyau ga marasa lafiya a nahiyar Afirka.

 Binciken ya nuna mahimman wurare don aiki na gaba a cikin nahiyar Afirka kuma shi ne binciken farko na GAS gungun emm na nahiyar.

Aikin na haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin masu bincike daga Afirka ta Kudu da kuma Amurka.

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