Description
This is a lay summary of the article published under the DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.01.127423
Hausa translation of DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.01.127423
Zazzaɓin cizon sauro na Plasmodium vivax cuta ce da aka yi watsi da ita a Afirka saboda ƙarancin faruwarta da kuma rashin ingantacciyar hanyar ganowa.
A baya-bayan nan, an sami ƙaruwa mai girma a cikin P. vivax a Gabashin Afirka kuma an ba da rahoton yaɗuwa zuwa ƙasashen yamma.
Wannan binciken ya binciki asalin yanki da kuma bambancin ƙwayoyin gado na P.vivax a Sudan ta alamomin microsatellite 14.
An tattara jimlar samfuran P.vivax na asibiti 113 daga gundumomi guda biyu, wato New Halfa da kuma Khartoum a ƙasar Sudan.
Bugu da ƙari, bayanan da aka samo daga samfuran yanki na 841 da aka samo daga rumbun bayanai domin nazarin ƙwayoyin gado na duniya an haɗa su a cikin binciken domin ci gaba da dangantaka da ƙwayoyin gado a tsakanin P. vivax da aka keɓe a ma’auni na yanki da na duniya.
A kan sikelin yanki, mun lura da haɗe-haɗe na musamman guda 91 da kuma gadaddun ƙwayoyin gado guda 8 na iyaye ɗaya da aka raba a tsakanin samfuran Sudan.
Irin wannan babban bambancin ƙwayoyin gado idan aka kwatanta da sauran keɓantattun yanki yana ba da tallafi ga hasashen cewa P. vivax ya samo asali ne daga Afirka.
A kan sikelin duniya, kamar yadda aka riga aka nuna, mun lura da tarin nau’o’in ƙwayoyin gado na P. vivax keɓance daga Afirka da Kudancin Amurka da Asiya (ciki har da Papua New Guinea da kuma Solomon Island) tare da iyakantaccen abu a cikin dukkanin gungu uku.
Babbar ƙalailaicewar da aka gudanar da kuma bishiyar phylogenetic sun nuna nau’o’i tari iri ɗaya kuma ya ba da gudummawar keɓewar Afirka ga bambancin ƙwayoyin gado da aka gani a faɗin duniya.
P. vivax na Gabashin Afirka ya nuna kamanceceniya da wasu keɓantattu na Asiya waɗanda suke nuna gabatarwar kwanan nan.
Sakamako namu yana nuna ɗimbin bambance-bambancen ƙwayoyin gado da suke faruwa tare da haɗin wurare da yawa, yana nuna tasirin amfani da alamomin microsatellite don aiwatar da ingantattun matakan sarrafawa.
Masu binciken sun tsara taswirar ƙwayoyin gado na ɗaya daga cikin kaskokin da suke haifar da zazzaɓin cizon sauro domin bin diddigin yadda mabmabanta nau’o’in za su iya yaɗuwa a faɗin duniya.
Sun ce kaskar, Plasmodium vivax, mai yiwuwa ta samo asali ne daga Afirka.
Masu bincike a baya sun yi tunanin cewa yawan zazzaɓin cizon sauro da wannan kaskar take haifarwa ba shi da yawa.
Amma, da alama matsalolin suna ƙaruwa sosai a Gabashin Afirka da sauran sassan duniya.
Yawanci zazzaɓin cizon sauro na Plasmodium vivax (PV) ba ya da tsanani, amma bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa PV yana iya kwantawa a cikin mutane kuma ya sake kama su akai-akai, ya haifar musu da rasa zuwa aiki.
Wannan, tare da buƙatar maimaita magani, yana iya rage tattalin arziki.
A cikin wannan binciken, masu binciken sun so yin nazarin ƙwayoyin gado na kaskokin PV da aka gano a wurare daban-daban a duniya.
Wannan bayanan ƙwayoyin gado da na yanki na iya taimakawa hukumomin kiwon lafiya wajen taƙaita yaɗuwar PV da kuma mafi kyawun maganin zazzaɓin cizon sauro.
Masu binciken sun fitar da ƙwayar halittar DNA daga samfuran jinin da aka ɗauka daga yatsa da aka tattara daga marasa lafiya da ke ɗauke da zazzaɓin cizon sauro na PV a New Halfa da kuma Khartoum, duka a ƙasar Sudan.
Sun kuma yi amfani da bayanai daga samfuran da aka tattara a wasu sassan Afirka da Amurka ta Kudu da kuma Asiya.
Sun kwatanta samfuran don gano kamanceceniya da bambance-bambance a cikin wuraren.
Masu binciken sun gano cewa ƙwayoyin gadon samfuran PV sun fi kama da sauran samfurori daga nahiya iri ɗaya.
Wannan yana nufin za su iya bayyana inda samfurin ya fito bisa ga ƙwayoyin gadonsa.
Abin sha’awa shi ne, sun ga samfuran da aka tattara a Afirka sun bambanta ta hanyar ƙwayoyin gado fiye da samfuran sauran nahiyoyi.
A wani ɓangaren kuma, samfuran da aka tattara a Asiya, alal misali, sun fi kama da sauran samfuran Asiya fiye da samfuran Afirka da sauran samfuran Afirka.
Bambancin ƙwayoyin gado a Afirka yana nuna cewa PV ya fito ne daga Afirka.
Haka nan sun kuma ga cewa samfuran Afirka sun fi kama da samfuran Asiya fiye da samfuran Kudancin Amurka.
Wannan yana nufin ke nan mutane ko dabbobin da suka kamu da PV tabbas sun ƙaura tsakanin Afirka da kuma Asiya kwanan nan.
Samar da taswirar ƙwayoyin gado na kaska ta wannan hanya yana bai wa masana kimiyya damar fahimtar yadda ƙwayar cutar take yaɗuwa zuwa wurare daban-daban.
Masu binciken sun ce binciken na gaba zai iya amfani da wannan bayanin domin gano halaye na yanki, kamar tsaunuka, waɗanda ke raba nau’o’in PV daban-daban.
Masu binciken da suka gudanar da wannan binciken sun kasance a Sudan da Eritriya da Faransa da kuma Amurka.
Amharic translation of DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.01.127423
Luganda translation of DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.01.127423
Northern Sotho (Sepedi) translation of DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.01.127423
Yoruba translation of DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.01.127423
Zulu translation of DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.01.127423