Description
Lay summary of the article published under the DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.12.380295
Hausa translation of DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.12.380295
Har yanzu ana amfani da tsarin genom na ɗan’adam na GRCh37 a cikin ilimin hallita duk da cewa an sami sabunta tsarin halittar ɗan’adam (GRCh38) tsawon shekaru da yawa.
Wani batu na musamman da ke da tasiri ga qwayoyin halitta na asibiti a halin yanzu shi ne batun GRCh37 Ensembl gene wanda aka adana, kuma don haka ba a sabunta ba, tun daga 2013.
Waxannan Ensembl GRCh37 suna da yawa kamar yadda tsohon tsari kuma su ne tsohon gene.Samfuran da aka yi amfani da su kuma su aka fi so a yawancin ayyukan qwayoyin halitta a duniya.
A cikin wannan binciken, mun haskaka batun qwayoyin halitta tare da bayanan da ba su dace ba, waɗanda aka gane su azaman furotin code a cikin sabon amma ba tsohuwar taro ba.
Waxannan qwayoyin halitta ana yin watsi da su ta duk albarkatun qwayoyin halitta waxanda har yanzu suna dogara ga bayanan tarihin da aka adana da kuma waxanda suka tsufa.
Bugu da ƙari, yawanci idan ba duk waɗannan kwayoyin halitta masu banƙyama ba (DGs) ana watsar su ta atomatik kuma duk kayan aiki na fifiko waɗanda suka dogara da bayanan GRCh37 Ensembl.
Mun yi nazarin nazarin halittu na bioinformatics wanda ke gano kwayoyin halittar Ensembl tare da bayanan da ba su dace ba tsakanin manyan tarukan halittar ɗan adam na baya-bayan nan, hg37, hg38, bi da bi.
An samo maganin ƙwayoyin cuta na asibiti da phenotype kuma an kwatanta su da wannan saitin kwayoyin halitta.
Bugu da ƙari, an tattara madaidaitan kwafin RefSeq kuma an tantance su.
Mun sami ɗaruruwan qwayoyin halitta (N=267) waɗanda aka sake kasa su azaman “furotin-kodin” a cikin sabon tsarin hg38.
Musamman ma, 169 daga cikin waɗannan qwayoyin halitta suma suna da alamar HGNC mai banƙyama tsakanin tsarurrrukan biyu.
Yawancin qwayoyin halitta suna da daidaito na RefSeq (N=199/267) gami da duk qwayoyin halittar da ke da ma'anar finotaips a cikin Ensemblolin gene GRCh38 (N=10).
Duk da haka, yawancin qwayoyin halitta suna ɓacewa daga sanannun samfuran halittar RefSeq na yanzu (N=68)
Mun sami yawancin qwayoyin halitta masu dacewa a cikin wannan rukuni na qwayoyin da ba a kula da su ba kuma muna tsammanin za a sami wasu da yawa masu dacewa a nan gaba.
Ga waɗannan qwayoyin halitta, alamar rashin daidaitaccen laqabin "marasa-protein-kodin" yana hana yiwuwar gano duk wani bambance-bambancen jerin abubuwan da suka mamaye su.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙarin bayani mai mahimmanci kamar ma'aunin ƙayyadaddun juyin halitta su ma ba a ƙididdige su ga waɗannan qwayoyin halitta don wannan dalili, suna ƙara vatar da su.
Masu binciken qwayoyin halitta sun dogara da bayanan tunani game da qwayoyin halittar xan’adam, da ake kira "majalisin kwayoyin halitta", lokacin nazarin aikin qwayoyin halitta a cikin jiki.
Masu binciken da suka kwatanta taron halittar ɗan’adam na baya-bayan nan da tsohon tsigar sun sami bambance-bambance a cikin bayanai game da takamaiman qwayoyin halitta, wanda zai iya sa masana kimiyya su rasa muhimmiyar alaƙa tsakanin qwayoyin halitta da cuta.
Yawancin masana kimiyya har yanzu suna amfani da tsohon tsari saboda akwai ƙarin bayanan bincike don su kwatanta sakamakonsu da, kuma saboda canzawa zuwa sabon tsarin yana ɗaukar lokaci kuma yana da tsada.
Matsalar ita ce yawancin kayan aikin na’ura da waɗannan masana kimiyya ke amfani da su kawai suna yin watsi da qwayoyin halitta waɗanda a yanzu muka san suna da mahimmanci, saboda tsofaffin bayanai.
A sakamakon haka, masana kimiyya ba za su sami duk bayanan da suka dace ba, lokacin da suke gudanar da nazarin qwayoyin halitta.
Masu bincike a cikin wannan binciken sun so su fahimci yawan bayanan da aka rasa lokacin da masana kimiyya suka yi amfani da tsohon tsarin, wanda ya kasance a cikin shekarar 2013.
Musamman, suna sha'awar yadda aka sabunta bayanan qwayoyin halitta a cikin sabon tsarin, da abin da waɗannan qwayoyin suke yi.
Don su gane, sun bincika kuma sun kwatanta tarukan ƙwayoyin halitta guda biyu, suna neman lokuta da aka ƙara sababbin bayanai game da aikin wasu qwayoyin halitta.
Daga nan sai suka duba kundayen bayanan likitanci da qwayoyin halitta don gano wata alaqa tsakanin wadannan qwayoyin halitta da cututtuka.
Masu binciken sun gano xaruruwan qwayoyin halitta da aka sake rarraba su a cikin sabon bayanan.
Yawancin waɗannan suna da hannu wajen samar da furotin a jiki.
Sunaye da ake amfani da su don gano wasu daga cikin waɗannan qwayoyin halitta su ma sun canza, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama da wahala masana kimiyya su daidaita bayanai yayin aiki tare da tsofaffin bayanai.
Kaxan daga cikin wadannan qwayoyin halittar kuma an haxe su da wasu cututtuka na musamman, misali qwayar halittar KIZ, wacce ke da alaqa da retinitis pigmentosa - cuta da ke haifar da asarar gani.
Binciken ya nuna cewa yana da matukar muhimmanci ga masu bincike su yi amfani da bayanan qwayoyin halitta na zamani don tabbatar da cewa cututtuka suna da alaqa da qwayoyin halittar da ke haifar da su, musamman inda ake amfani da wannan bayanin wajen tantancewar likita.
Sabbin kayan aikin sabunta bayanai tsakanin tsarukan biyu na iya sauƙaƙa wa masana kimiyya don canja wurin bayanai tsakanin su nan gaba.
Wannan aikin haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin masu bincike daga Afirka ta Kudu, Sudan, da Jamus.
Luganda translation of DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.12.380295
Yoruba translation of DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.12.380295
Amharic translation of DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.12.380295
Northern Sotho(Sepedi) translation of DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.12.380295
Zulu translation of DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.12.380295