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Bannassaayansi bagamba nti okwogera “PBO” mu butimba bw’ensiri kuyinza okuyamba okuziyiza ensiri mu bitundu ebimu.

Luganda translation of DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.11.429702

Published onAug 14, 2023
Bannassaayansi bagamba nti okwogera “PBO” mu butimba bw’ensiri kuyinza okuyamba okuziyiza ensiri mu bitundu ebimu.
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Okulaba enkyukakyuka mu nsiri ez’omusujja (Anapheles gambiae) okwekubisaamu kumpi emirundi esatu mu kugugubira eddagala eritta ensiri kutuwa okwekaliriza kwennyini ku kusalira amagezi okulwanyisa omusujja gw’ensiri

Okugugubira eddagala eritta ebiwuka kutuwa ebintu byamirundi ebiri, okutya ku kutangira endwadde ezisaasaanira ku bizitambuza wamu n’obusobozi bw’ebiwuka mu kwefuulafuula ku mbiro ez’amaanyi.

Okutangira omusujja gw’ensiri kwesigamye nnyo ku kukozesa ddagala lya pyrethroid eritta ebiwuka, naddala mu butimba obulwamu eddagala (LLINs), naye ng’obugugubi bweyongedde mu bitambuza omusujja gw’ensiri mu myaka 15 egiyise nga bitambuliramu wamu n’okubunyisa obutimba (LLIN).

Okukenga enfaanana y’obugugubi obwamaanyi mu nsiri, obuyinza n’okusukka enkola y’eddagala lya pyrethroid kya mugaso nnyo mu kukulaakulanya n'okukozesa ebiyinza okumalawo obugugubi obwo.

Nga tukozesa obubaka obwa Anopheles gambiae 1000 genomes (Ag1000g), twalaba ekikula ky’ensiri ekipya mu Ugandaa ekyekwanya n’ekika kya cytochrome P450 genes, omwo nga mwe muli n’ebyo ebirabibwa mu kuguguba.

Okunoonyereza okusingako awo kwayoleka ekika ky’endagabutonde (haplotype) omwali okufuukafuuka okw’emirundi esatu, nonsynonymous point mutation in Cyp6p4 (I236M), okwefaanaanyiriza okw’ekitundu okwa Zanzibar-like transposable element (TE) wamu n’ekifaanaanyirizo ky’endagabutonde ya Cyp6aa1.

Okufuukafuuka okwo kulabika okuba nga kwa jjo wano era nga kuva mu An.Gambiae ku nsalo za Kenya-Uganda kumpi n’ennyanja Nalubaale, wamu ne Zanzibar-like TE ne Cyp6p4-236M okwo nga kw’otadde ekika ky’endagabutonde (including Cyp6aa1 duplication), eky’ekubisaamu emirundi esatu ekisaasaanidde mu Democratic Republic of Congo ne Tanzania.

Ekika ky’endagabutonde ekyo ekyekubisaamu emirundi esatu (triple-mutant haplotype) kyekwanya nnyo n’okweyongerayongera kw’enneeyoleka y’endagabutonde ekisobola okwewoma pyrethroids era nga kiteeberezebwa nnyo okugugubira pyrethroids naddala deltamethrin, nga ly'eddagala eritta ebiwuka, LLIN erisinga okukozesebwa.

Ekikulu ennyo, waaliwo ensiri ezaafa ennyo ezaalimu okufuukafuuka okw’emirundi esatu (triple-mutation) ezaayolekezebwa obutimba obulimu eddagala lya synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO).

Okulabikalabika kw’endagabutonde efuukafuuka emirundi esatu (triple-mutant haplotype) yeesuddesudde mu mawanga ag’enjawulo era nga kino kisonga ku muyungiro ogusobola okuluŋŋamya mu kusalawo okukozesa obutimba obutono obulimu eddagala (PBO-pyrethroid co-treated LLINs) mu mawanga ga Afirika.


Bannassaayansi bagamba nti okwogera “PBO” mu butimba bw’ensiri kuyinza okuyamba okuziyiza ensiri mu bitundu ebimu.

Okwekubisaamu kw’endagabutonde ya Cyp6aa1 kutera okubaawo mu An.Gambiae mu bitundu by’Afirika, okusinziira ku bikolebwa enzayimu, zirabika nga zinaaba kyakulabirako kirungi eri ebigero by’obugugubi bwa pyrethroid obw’ekigero ekyawaggulu.

Ensiri ezimu ezisaasaanya omusujja gw’ensiri mu ngeri y’okukozesa endagabutonde zigumira eddagala eritta ebiwuka eritera okukozesebwa.

Kino kitegeeza nti tezifa ddagala eritera okuteekebwa mu butimba bwansiri, ekintu ekireetera abantu abawera okubeera mu bulabe bw’okukwatibwa omusujja gw’ensiri.

Mu kiseera kino abanoonyereza bazudde okwekubisaamu kw’endagabutonde okuyinza okuba nga kwe kuvaako obugugubi buno.

Bagamba nti okwongera eddagala eriyitibwa piperonyl-butoxide (PBO) mu butimba bw’ensiri kuyinza okuyambako mu kutta ekika ky’ensiri ekimu ekigugubira eddagala.

Omusujja gw’ensiri ndwadde yamaanyi ddala etambuzibwa ebika by’ensiri ezimu.

Ekimu ku bisinga okukozesebwa obulungi mu kuziyinza omusujja gw’ensiri kwe kukozesa obutimba bw’ensiri obulimu eddagala pyrethroid erimala ebbanga eddene.

Pyrethroid kika kya ddagala eritta ebiwuka era nga kino kirungo ekikozesebwa okutta ebiwuka nga ensiri.

Ebyembi, ensiri nnyingi zigugubira obutattibwa pyrethroid, ekitegeeza nti obutimba obwo tebukyasobola kuziyiza musujja gwansiri mu bitundu ebimu.

Abanoonyereza baayagala okumanya kiki ddala ekikyuse mu DNA y’ensiri engugubi ekizireetera n’okwewoma pyrethroid.

Baayagala okuzuula ebika by’endagabutonde eziri emabega w’ekika ekigugubira pyrethroid n’okumanya engeri obugugubi obwo bwe bukola (enkola yaabwo).

Mu ngeri endala, baayagala okumanya engeri omubiri gw’ensiri gye gusobola okufuukafuuka oba okukola ku pyrethroid, olw’okuba nti ekirundo ekyo bulijjo kitta.

Abanoonyereza abo beekaliriza endagabutonde z’ensiri Anopheles gambiae ezitera okulabikira mu Kenya, Uganda, n’amawanga ga Afirika amalala.

Kasita baamala okuzuula ebika by’endagabutonde n’engeri ensiri zino gye zigugubira pyrethroid, baagezaako okwongera ekirungo eky’enjawulo mu butimba bw’ensiri okulaba oba ng’ensiri ezo zongera okulama.

Abanaanoonyereza baazuula okufuukafuuka kw’endagabugonde kwa mirundi esatu okuyamba ensiri okwewoma pyrethroid.

Bagamba nti okufuukafuuka okwo kuyamba ensiri mu ngeri endala, kubanga kirabika nti zaasaanira mangu mu nsiri endala abanoonyereza ze baakolako sampolo mu kunoonyereza.

Kirabika nti okufuukafuuka okwo kwasibukira ku nsalo za Kenya-Uganda awo nga Nnyanja Nalubaale.

Era bagamba nti okufuukafuuka okwo okw’emirundi esatu kulabika okwongera okweyoleka kw'okufuuka kw'endagabutonde eri eddagala eritta ebiwuka, era ne kirabika okuleetera okuteebereza okwamaanyi mu busobozi bw’okugugubira pyrethroids.

N’ekisembayo, baakizuula nti okwongera ekirungo piperonyl-butoxide (PBO) mu pyrethroid nga bassa eddagala mu butimba kyakola bulungi mu kuvvuunuka obugugubi bw’ensiri ezo.

Okunoonyereza okw’emabegako kwasimba amakanda ku ndagabutonde ezimu bannassaayansi ze baalowooza nti ze ziri emabega w’okugugubira eddagala eritta ebiwuka.

Okunoonyerea kuno kwagaziya okwekaliriza nga kwekebejja endagabutonde nkumi na nkumi okuzuula okufuukafuuka okupya okulabikira mu nsiri engugubi.

Abanoonyereza bagamba nti kizibu okumanyira mu kunoonyereza kwabwe okukosebwa okulala okuva mu kufuukafuuka kwe baazuula, oba engeri yennyini okufuukafuuka okwo gye kukosa obugugubi bwa pyrethroid.

Era bagamba nti ebika by’ensiri ebirala ebirina okufuukafuuka kwekumu birina obugugubi obweyongera eri eddagala pyrethroid eritta ebiwuka.

Wabula, tekimanyiddwa oba nga okwogera eddagala eritta ebiwuka nga PBO liyinza okutta ebika ebyo ebirala ebigugubi.

Abanoonyereza okuva mu Kenya, Uganda, Congo, Tanzania, Kilifi, Bungereza, ne Amerika baakolera wamu mu kunoonyereza kuno.

Beemalira ku nsiri ezisangibwa ku nsalo za Kenya-Uganda nga bagendera ku kirowoozo kyabwe ekyokwongera PBO mu butimba bw’ensiri olw’okuwonya obulamu bw’Abafirika obuwera.

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