I-Thermo-Economic Model for Aiding Solar Collector Choice and Optimal Sizing yohlelo lokushisisa amanzi ngesola.

Ukuqoka kohlobo lwesiqoqi sesola esizosetshenziswa kanye nesibalo seziqoqi ezizokhishwa emva kwalokho, yizinqumo ezibalulekile, ezingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuheheni ngokwezomnotho kwezinhlelo zokushisisa amanzi ngesola.

Kuleli phepha, imodeli e-thermo-economic ithuthukiselwe ukubala imethriki efanele engasiza ekukhetheni isiqoqi esenza umqondo ngokwemali ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zezifudumezi zamanzi zesola ukuthola ukulonganiswa kobukhulu ongakhipha umphemela omkulu kunakho konke kwezingxenye zezifudumezi zamanzi zesola uma isiqoqi esizosetshenzoswa sesikhethiwe.

Imethriki yeneji ngedola, ebalwe njengomphumela weneji yokushisa yonyaka wesiqoqi enyakeni owejwayelekile, kulolu hlu lobukhulu besiqoqi obuyi‘sikhonkosi’, buhlakaniswe ngezindleko ezibalwe ngokonyaka, isuselwa kwiwaranti nezindleko zasekuqaleni zesiqoqi, yaphakanyiswa njengefundisayo ukuqhathanisa ukwenza umqondo ngokwemali kweziqoqi zesola ezahlukene.

Ekuhlolweni kobukhulu obuyisikhonkosi besiqoqi esizosetshenziswa ohlelweni lwesifudumezi samanzi selanga, lapho ineji ngedola izobalwa khona, i-Net Present Value of Solar Savings yetshenziswa njenge-objective function ukukhiqiza okukhulu kunakho konke.

Amamodeli ayishumi (10) ahlukene ezoqoqi zokushisa zesola zoketshezi (5 ze-flat plate kanye no-5 zohlobo lwe-evacuated tube) akleliswe yi­-Solar Ratings & Certification Corporation (i-SRCC), akleliswa ngokombandela weneji ngedola kusetshenziswa imodeli i-thermo-economic echazowe kulo cwaningo.

Endaweni eyisikhonkosi yesiqoqi yohlelo lwesola lokushisisa amanzi, umthamo wethangi lokulondoloza amanzi ashisayo ohambisanayo kanye neqhezu lesola elungile kutholwa kanyekanye.

Umthamo wamanzi ashisayo odingekayo uyehla uma indawo yesiqoqi esisetshenziswayo ikhula ngenkathi iqhezu lamandla esola likhuphuka, libe nokunyuka okwehlile, kuze kube liyagcwala enanini lobunye.

Kulolu cwaningo lwesigameko lapho izinga lokushisa lomthamo elidingekayo liwu-50°C kanti uhlelo lokushisisa amanzi ngesola lutholakala enkabi yeZimbabwe (ilathithudi u-19°S nelongithudi u-30° E), isiqoqi esiqokiwe kwenzeka ukuthi sibe yi-Flat plate type, okuyiyona eyathola isilinganiso seneji ngedola ephuzulu kunazo zonke esiwu-26.1 kWh/$.

Ubukhulu obulunge kunabo bonke bemodelo yalesi siqoqi esizosetshenziswa ohlelweni lokushisisa amanzi ngokwesola ocwaningweni lwesigameko buwu-18m2 per m3 yesidingo samanzi ashisayo; ibe nomthamo wokulondolozwa kwamanzi ashisayo okuwu-900l/m3; eqhezwini elilunge kunawo wonke lesola eliwu-91%.

Noma indlelakwenza yaleli phepha yasetshenziselwa kuphela ukushisisa amanzi ngesola kusebenza ezingeni elithile lokushisa, endaweni ethile, ingasetshenziswa kahle ngokulinganayo kunoma iyiphi enye insebenzo yokushisisa amanzi ngesola kunoma iyiphi enye indawo.

Ososayensi baphakamisa inketho ebiza kancane engcono kunazo zonke yokushisisa amanzi yesola eZimbabwe

Njengoba iZimbabwe isokola ngezidingo zikagesi, uhulumeni uphakamise ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokushisisa amanzi zesola ukunciphisa izidingo zikagesi.

Ucwaningo lukhomba ukuthi uhlelo lokushisisa amanzi lwesola olubiza kancane kunazo zonke oluhambisana neZimbabwe, kusetshenziswa imodeli engasetshenziswa kunoma yiliphi elinye izwe.

Uhlelo lokushisisa amanzi lwesola lusebenzisa imisebe yelanga kuya emanzini ukusetshenziswa emakhaya, kanti eZimbabwe, lolu hlelo luya ngokuba olunye uhlelo olungasetshenziswa njengoba izwe libhekene nokuphungulwa komthamo kagesi.

Nokho, lezi zinhlelo zibuye zibize nezinhlobo ezihlukile kanye namagama ahlukile anemimo nobukhulu okuhlukile, kanye namakhono okushisisa amanzi ngempumelelo.

Abacwaningi basebenzise imodeli yemathemathiki ukuthola ubukhulu bengxenye eyisiqoqi yohlelo lokushisisa ezobamba okuyikhona kushisa okuningi okusuka elangeni ngezindleko eziphansi kunazo zonke.

Ukuthola lesi ‘sikhonkosi’ abacwaningi behlonze ineji yokushisa uhlelo ngalunye olungayiqoqa elangeni unyaka wonke, base behlukanisa ngezindleko zalo ngamadola ukuthola isikalo seneji ngedola.

Ucwaningo lusebenzise imodeli ye-Net Present value of Solar Savings kumamodeli amagama awu-10 ezifudumezi zamanzi zesola base beziklelisa kusuka kwephezulu ngeneji ngedola kuya kwephansi.

Abacwaningi baphinde basebenzisa umthamo noba ubungako bamanzi uhlelo ngalunye olungawashisisa ukuthola isikalo seneji ngedola.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngobukhulu besiqoqi kuncipha amanzi ashisayo angagcinwa ohlelweni, kanti lolu cwaningo lubheke ukuthola ‘isikhonkosi’ phakathi komthamo wamanzi kanye nobukhulu besiqoqi kanjalo.

Ucwaningo luhlole izifudumezi zesola eziwu-10 ku-50 °C, amazinga okushisa ajwayelekile enkabeni yeZimbabwe ekwilathithudi u-19° eNingizimu kanye nelongithudi u-30° eMpumalanga.

Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi inketho yokushisisa amanzi ngesola engcono futhi eshibhe kunazo zonke yisiqoqi esiyi-flat-type okuyiso ebesineneji ngedola ephuzulu kunazo zonke ngomphumela enekuziziweyo kuka 26.1 kiloWatt hours per dollar (kWh/$).

Ngale modeli ethize yesifudumezi samanzi sesola, abacwaningi babale ukuthi ingashisisa amalitha awu-900 amanzi isebenzisa u-91% wemisebe eyithola elangeni.

Le miphumela esebenza ezifudumezini zamanzi zesola eZimbabwe, kodwa abacwaningi baphakamisa ukuthi imodeli abayisebenizsile kulolu cwaningo ingasetshenziswa kunoma iluphi olunye uhlelo lokushisisa amanzi lwesola kunoma iyiphi enye indawo,