Okukosa kwa GST- ne P450-based metabolic resistance ku pyrethroids ku kunuuna omusaayi mu Anopheles funestus ng’ekisinga okutambuza omusujja gw’ensiri mu Afirika

Endagabutonde ezigugubira eddagala eritta ebiwuka zitera okukwanyizibwa n’ebiva ku pleiotropic ku byafaayo by’enneeyisa z’ensiri.

Wabula, waliwo obubaka butono nnyo ku kukosebwa kw’okugugubira eddagala eritta ebiwuka ku nsiri ezinuuna omusaayi.

Wano, nga tukozesa metabolic markers ezaakazuulibwa era nga ezeesigamiziddwa ku DNA mu kisinga okutambuza omusujja gw’ensiri An.Funestus twanoonyereza ku ngeri metabolic resistance genes gye ziyinza okukosa ennuuna y’omusaayi ng’emmere.

Oluvannyuma lw’okukkiriza field F1 ne lab F8 Anopheles funestus strains okunuuna omusaayi ku mukono gw’omuntu okumala eddakiika 30, twekaliriza obukwatane wakati w’ebiramulirwako omusaayi oguliibwa ng’emmere, omuli ekiseera ky’okunoonya, ebbanga eririirwamu, obusobozi bw’okunuuna omusaayi, obunene bw’omusaayi ogunuuniddwa, ne markers of glutathione S-transferase (L119F-GSTe2) ne cytochrome P450 (CYP6P9a_R)—mediated metabolic resistance.

Tewali na kimu ku biramulirwako musaayi guliibwa ng’emmere kyakwanyizibwa na L119F-GSTe2 genotypes.

Mu kugeraageranya, CYP6P9a_R, homozygous resistant mosquitoes zaali zisobolera ddala okunuuna omusaayi okusinga ensiri ez’kika kya homozygous susceptible (OR = 3.3; CI 95%: 1.4–7.7; P = 0.01) mosquitoes.

N’ekirala, obungi bw’omusaayi ogwanuunibwa ensiri CYP6P9a-SS gwali wansi okusinga ogwo ogwa CYP6P9a-RS (P<0.004) n’ogwa CYP6P9a-RR (P<0.006).

Kino kitulaga nti akalagabutonde CYP6P9a keekwanya ku bungi bw’omusaayi ogunuunibwa ng’emmere mu An. funestus.

Wabula, tewali bukwatane bwazuulibwa mu neeyoeleka ya CYP6P9a n’obulagabutonde obwoleka salivary proteins ezibeera mu nnuuna y’omusaayi gw’emmere.

Okunoonyereza kuno kuteesa nti P450-based metabolic resistance buyinza okukosa ennuuna y’omusayai ey’ensiri ekika kya Anopheles funestus mosquito wamu n’obusobozi bwayo obw’okusaasaanya obuwuka bw’omusujja gw’ensiri.

Ensiri ziyinza okuba nga zeeyongera okuyiga engeri y’okusaasaanya obuwuka obusaasaanya omusujja gw’ensiri mu bantu.

Ensiri z’omusujja gw’ensiri ezimu zifunye engeri y’okugumira eddagala eritta ebiwuka (insecticides).

Abanoonyereza bagamba nti enkyukakyuka mu bulagabutonde ezikola ku “bugugubi bw’eddagala eritta ebiwuka” mu nsiri Anopheles funestus, nazo ziziyamba okunuuna obulungi omusaayi mu bantu.

Kino era kisobola okwongeza obusobozi bwazo okusaasaanya omusujja gw’ensiri.

Ezimu ku nsiri z’omusujja zisobola okugumira obukambwe bw’eddagala eritta ebiwuka nga zikola bulungi ku ddagala lino mu mibiri gyazo.

Okuguguba okw’engeri eno eri eddagala eritta ebiwuka kuva ku bulagabutonde okumanyiira, naye nga tekimanyiddwa oba nga waliwo ebintu ebirala ensiri bye zirina olw’okumanyiira okw’engeri eyo okujjira ku bulagabutonde.

Mu kunoonyereza kuno, abanoonyereza baayagala okuzuula oba ng’endabutonde eziri emabega w’okugumira eddagala eritta ebiwuka biyinza okuyamba mu ngeri gye ziryamu.

Okugeza, baayagala okumanya oba ng’ensiri ezo engugubi zaali zisibola okulya amangu era n’okunuuna omusaayi ogusingako mu kiseera kyazo ekyokulya.

Abanoonyereza baatunuulira engeri ensiri ez’ebika ebibiri ebya Anopheles funestus gye zaanuuna omusaayi ku mukono gw’omuntu okumala eddakiika 30.

Baapima ebikwata ku nnuuna yaazo ey’omusaayi ng’emmere, gamba ng’ebbanga ensiri lye zaamala nga zirya n’obungi bw’omusaayi gwe zaanuuna.

Mu ngeri y’emu era beekaliriza endabutonde z’ensiri okulaba oba ng’endya/ennuuna ey’enjawulo eyinza okukwanyizibwa ku ndabutonde ez'emirundi ebiri ezikwatagana n'okugugubira eddagala eritta ebiwuka.

Ebyava mu kunoonyereza kwabwe byalaga nti emu ku ndagabutonde zikosa endya.

Ensiri ezirina endagabutonde ey’engeri eyo zaali ziwewukamukko, era nga zirya omusaayi ogusingako bw’ogeraageranya n’ezo ezizaawukanako.

Wabula, enfuukafuuka y’endagabutonde teyafaanana kukyusa kiseera kye zimala nga zirya, era tezaaleetawo kigero kya puloteyini ya waggulu oba wansi ensiri gye zikozesa okunuuna omusaayi.

Okunoonyereza kuno kutuwa obubaka obulaga nt okufuukafuuka kw’endagabutonde okuleeta obugugubi eri eddagala eritta ebiwuka kusobola okuvaamu n’engeri endala ezigumira embeera endala.

Ku nsonga eno, abanoonyereza baakakasa nti endagabutonde y’emu erabika okuba ng’erina ky’ekola ku ndya y’ensiri.

Kino kikulu lwansonga nti ensiri zisaasaanya obuwuka obutambuza ensiri mu bantu mu kiseera ky’okulya.

Abanoonyereza bagamba nti okunoonyereza okw’omu maaso kulina okutunuulira ennyo engeri endagabutonde gye zikosaamu endya n’engeri gye kiyinza okukosa engeri ensiri gye zeegattamu n’engeri gye zisaasaanya omusujja gw’ensiri.

Era balabula nti okugezesa okumu okwakolebwa mu kunoonyereza kwabwe tekwali kulungi era kuyinza okuba nga kwakosa bye baazuula.

Kikulu nnyo okutegeera engeri endagabutonde z’ensiri n’enneeyisa yaazo gy’ekyukakyukamu nga zaanukula engeri gye tuzifuga, gamba nga tukozesa eddagala eritta ebiwuka buli kiseera.

Abanoonyereza mu kunoonyereza kuno baava mu Cameroon, eyo gye baggya sampolo z’ensiri ezimu ezaakozesebwa mu kunoonyereza kuno.