Endagabutonde ez’Enjawulo n’Enkyukakyuka mu Ndagabutonde 30,983 eza SARS-CoV-2:

Omugendo gw’Okufuna Eddagala ttaba “ery’Olukokobe lw’Akawuka”?

Abstract

Nawookeera wa COVID-19 agenze mu maaso okuva lwe yabalukawo ku nkomerero y’Ogwekkuminoogumu gwa 2019 mu Wuhan, China.

Okutegeera n’okulondoola enkyukakyuka mu ndagabutonde ez’akawuka, enkalira zaako mu bwebungulule n’obutebenkevu bwako bya mugaso nnyo mu kutangira ensaasaana y’endwadde naddala mu kukola eddagala ttaba erigema erikola ku bika byonna ebisaasaana.

Mu ngeri eno, twekaliriza endagabutonde 30,983 eza SARS-CoV-2 enzijuvu okuva mu mawanga 79 agasangibwa mu ssemazinga mukaaga era ezaakuŋŋaanyizibwa okuva nga 24 Ogwekkumineebiri 2019, okutuusa nga 13 Ogwokutaano 2020, okusinziira ku tterekero lya GISAID.

Okwekaliriza kwaffe kwayoleka okubaawo kw’ebifo eby’enjawulo 3206, nga birina ensaasaana y’ebika by’endagabutonde ez’enjawulo efaanagana mu bitundu eby’enjawulo.

Mu ngeri ey’enjawulo, emirundi gy’obweyolesi egya wansi mu nkyukakyuka gizuuliddwa; enkyukakyuka 169 (5.27%) gyokka gye gyalina obweyolesi obusukka ekitundu 1% mu ndagabutonde.

Newankubadde nga kiri kityo, enkyukakyuka kkumi na nnya ezitafaanagana (>10%) zizuuliddwa mu bifo eby’enjawulo mu ndagabutonde z’obuwuka; munaana mu ORF1ab polyprotein (mu nsp2, nsp3, transmembrane domain, RdRp, helicase, exonuclease, ne endoribonuclease), ssatu mu nucleocapsid protein, n’enkyukakyuka emu emu mu puloteyini zino essatu:

Spike, ORF3a, ne ORF8.

Ekyo nga kiri awo, enkyukakyuka 36 ezitafaanagana zaazuulibwa mu kitundu kya puloteyini enfunyi ey’ekika kya spike ekiyambako akawuka okuyingira omubiri gw’omuntu (RBD) n’obweyolesi obwa wansi (<1%) mu ndagabutonde zonna, nga muno mwalimu nnya zokka ezaalina obusobozi bw’okuyambako puloteyini ya spike eya SARS-CoV-2 okukwanagana n’ekifunyi ekya ACE2.

Bino ebizuuliddwa gattako n’obwawuko mu ndagabutonde ya SARS-CoV-2 biyinza okwoleka nti obutafaanagana na kawuka akaleeta ssennyiga oba akaleeta mukeenenya, aka SARS-CoV-2 kalina enkyukakyuka ya wansi ekifuula omulimu gw’okukola eddagala erigema erituukiridde okuba nga gusobokera ddala.

Abanoonyereza bagamba nti akawuka ka COVID-19 kasobola okukyukakyuka mpolampola, ekyanguya omulimu gw’okukola eddagala erikagema.

Mu 2020, abanoonyereza baazuula enkyukakyuka ntono mu ndagabutonde ya SARS-CoV-2 bwe yali ng’esaasaana okwetooloola ensi.

Bannassaayansi baagamba nti singa akawuka kabeera n’enkyukakyuka ntono ng’ezo ebbanga nga liyiseewo, okukola eddagala erigema COVID-19 mu nsi yonna kuba kujja kuba kwangu.

Mu kiseera ekyo, akawuka ka COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, kaali kasaasaana ku mbiro eza waggulu era nga katta abantu bangi, era bannassaayansi baali bakola butaweera okukola eddagala erigema erituukiridde.

Baalondoola enkyukakyuka mu ndagabutonde y’akawuka ne beekaliriza embiro enkyukakyuka gye zaabangawo mu bitundu by’ensi eby’enjawulo.

Obubaka bwagenderera kubayambako okulwanyisa obulungi endwadde ya COVID-19, wamu n’okukola eddagala erigema erinaakola ku bika by’obuwuka eby’enjawulo ebyali bisaasaana.

Mu kunoonyereza kuno, abanoonyereza beekaliriza enkyukakyuka mu ndagabutonde ya SARS-CoV-2 mu bitundu by’ensi eby’enjawulo.

Baatunuulira n’ensonga y’okukola eddagala erigema ebika bya SARS-CoV-2 byonna mu nsi yonna.

Abanoonyereza baakuŋŋaanya obubaka bwa SARS-CoV-2 obujjuvu okuva mu mawanga 79 mu ssemazinga 6 okuva mu tterekero era ne babwekaliriza.

Beekaliriza ekika n’okubaawo kw’enkyukakyuka mu buli ndagabutonde.

Abanoonyereza era baageraageranya endagabutonde za SARS-CoV-2 okwetooloola amawanga, era ne bakuba omuti okulaga oluganda oluli mu bika eby’enjawulo.

Bye baazuula byayoleka enkyukakyuka ntono mu ndagabutonde za SARS-CoV-2 mu mawanga gonna ageekalirizibwa.

Sampolo ntono nnyo (5.27%) ezaalina enkyukakyuka mu kitundu 1% eky’endagabutonde zonna.

Mu ssemazinga 6 zonna, abanoonyereza baaloopa okubaawo kw’enkyukakyuka eziri mu kitundu ekimu kutono mu ndagabutonde z’akawuka.

Bannassaayansi bagamba nti singa enkyukakyuka nnyingi zibaawo mu kitundu kimu eky’endagabutonde, ebika by’akawuka ebipya bisobola okubalukawo.

Abanoonyereza baagamba nti ebitundu 67.96% eby’enkyukakyuka z’endagabutonde zonna ze baalaba mu kwekaliriza kwabwe bisobola okukosa ensengeka ya puloteyini mu kawuka, naye si kikula oba omugaso gwako.

Ekitundu kimu kyakusatu eky’enkyukakyuka kisobola okukosa ekikula kya puloteyini oba omugaso gw’akawuka ka COVID-19.

Abanoonyereza baazuula enkyukakyuka 2 zokka mu ndagabutonde z’akawuka okuba nga zeeyoleka nnyo mu ssemazinga 6; endala zaali za njawulo okwetooloola ssemazinga.

Ebizuulo byabwe era byayoleka nti ebika by’akawuka mu Afrika byali bifaanagana nnyo n’eby’omu ssemazinga endala, ate era n’ebika byonna mu ssemazinga endala byasibuka mu Asia.

Ebika eby’enjawulo mu North America, South America, ne Afrika bisibuka mu Bulaaya, ate ng’ebika ebimu byali mu Bulaaya mwokka.

Abanoonyereza baagamba nti enkyukakyuka mu nsengeka ya DNA mu kintu ekiyitibwa ‘S protein’, tezirabika kuba nga zikosa ekikula kyayo, noolwekyo tezirabika kuba nga zirina enkyukakyuka ya maanyi ku butuukamu bw’eddagala erigema.

Bannassaayansi baagala ‘S protein’ bwe baba bakola eddagala erigema kubanga ye puloteyini akawuka gye kakozesa okuyingira obutaffaali bw’omuntu.

Okunoonyereza kwalaga nti obutafaanana na kawuka akaleeta ssennyiga oba HIV, endagabutonde za SARS-CoV-2 tezaakyuka mangu nnyo, ekyandyanguyisizza bannassaayansi okukola eddagala erigema COVID-19 ery’omulundi ogumu mu nsi yonna.

Abanoonyereza baateesa okulondoola enkyukakyuka mu ndagabutonde za SARS-CoV-2 okugenda mu maaso.