Ingabe ukufakwa kwengxube yomquba ne-biochar kungakwazi ukwenza izinga lwenhlabathi yesavana ekhukhulekile ngasogwini ibe ngcono?

Ukwehla kokuvunda kwenhlabathi kuyingqinamba enkulu ekukhiqizeni izitshalo e-sub-Saharan Afrika

Umthelela omuhle wokufakwa kwe-biochar nomquba ekuvundeni kwenhlabathi ubikwe ababhali abaningi.

Kulolu cwaningo, kuhlolisiswe ukufukamela kwaselebhorethri kwesinsuku ezingu-30 kusetshenziswa amasampula angu-120 g e-Haplic acrisol ihlanganiswe ne-biochar (cbio) yamahleza, ibiochar yamakhoba elayisi (rbio), ibiochar yamakhoba kakhokhonthi (coco300 and coco700) noma umquba wezinkukhu (compost); nomquba we-biocha yamakhoba elayisi(rcocomp) noma umquba webiochar yamahleza (cococomp) enanini lokuchitshiyelwa  lika 1% w/w: ngokulandelana kwenhlabathi.

Kolunye uhla lwalolu cwaningo kwahlanganiswa umquba wezinkukhu ne-biochar yamahleza noma yamakhoba elayisi (1 % compost + 1% biochar: 1% soil w/w), ngokulandelana, ukuhlola umthelela wawo ekuphefumuleni kwenhlabathi, i-pH yenhlabathi; ikhaboni e-microbial enhlabathi; umthamo wokushintshana kwama-cation; ikhaboni e-organic ephelele; i-nitrogen ephelele nobukhona be-nitrogen eningi.

I-Biochar nomquba okufakwa ngakodwana noma ndawonye, nomquba we-biochar kunyuse i-pH yenhlabathi ngamayunithi e-pH angu 0.28-2.29 uma kuqhathaniswa nengeziwanga lutho.

Ukuphefumula okuvela emqubeni noma emqubeni wamakhoba elayisi, noma i-biochar yamahleza noma ehlanganisiwe nomquba kubephezulu kunalokhu okungathintwga, okufane nalokho okufakwe i-biochar yodwa.

I-TOC esemqubeni wodwa nakwi-biochar yamahleza nalaokufakwekhona umquba inyuke ngo 37% no 117%, ngokulanelana, kunale ongenziwanga lutho.

Ukufakwa kwe-biochar yamakhoba elayisi exutshwe nomquba kukhuphule i-MBC ngo-132% ngesikhathi umquba wodwa ukhuphule i-MBC ngo-247%, ngokulandelana, uma kuqhathaniswa nenhlabathi engeziwanga lutho.

Ekuvaleni, ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ukufakwa ngakodwana noma kuxutshiwe komquba ne-biochar, noma umquba we-biochar kuthuthukisa amazinga ama-parameter enhlabathi njenge pH yenhlabathi neMBC, yakhuthaza nokuma kahle kwenhlabathi u-C ngokunyuswa kwe TOC  nokwehliswa kokulahlekelwa inhlabathi u-C ngokuphefumula kwayo.

I-Biochar nomquba kwenza izinga lenhlabathi yokutshala libengcono.

Lolu cwaningo luphenye ukuthu i-biochar, umlotha ozinze kakhulu, enekhabhoni eningi, ekhandwe nge-biomass elahliwe, ingasetshenziswa kanjani ukuthuthukisa izinga lemihlabathi e sub-Saharan Afrika.

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi i-biochar yenza izinga lenhlabathi libengcono ngendlela efana nezinye izindlela ezibizayo futhi ezingatholakali kalula.

Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezibhekene nokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo esub-Saharan Afrika ukwehla kokuvunda komhlabathi.

Inhlabathi engcono iholela ezivunweni ezigcono, okungehlisa indlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya iphinde ibuyisele imithombo yemvelo endaweni

Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi i-biochar, ingasetshenziswa ukwenza ukuvunda kwenhlabathi kube ngcono.

I-Biochar ivela uma kushiswa izinto eziphilayo, noma i-biomass, endaweni engenawo umoya onempilo.

I-Biochar isibonakele ukuthi iyayandisa indawo enenhlabathi, yandisa nokutholakala kwamanzi nomoya, bese ikhuthaza izakhi ezisenhlabathini.

Lolu cwaningo luhlole umthelela lwe-biochar nomquba ezingeni lenhlabathi lwasebenzisa izinkomba ezifana nokuphefumula kwenhlabathi, i-PH yenhlabathi, ubukhona bamagciwane, inani lekhabhoni, nenani le-nitrogen elikhona.

Abacwaningi bakhiqise ibiochar ngamahleza, ukhokhonathi namakhoba elayisi besebenzisa ipyrolysis, ebandakanya ukushiswa kwezinto eziphilayo endaweni engenawo umoya onempilo, eshiswa ngo-450 °C eziko elakhwe endaweni.

Abacwaningi bakhiqize ibiochar yamakhoba akhokhonathi besebenzisa i-pyrolysis eshiswe ngo 300 °C nango 700 °C.

Abacwaningi babe sebefukamela amasampula enhlabathi ahlanganiswe ne-biochar amalanga angu-30.

Amasampula abequkethe inhlabathi elungiswe ngekhethelo ebizwa nge Haplic acrisol, ehlanganiswe nengxube yema-biochars akhiwe ngamahleza, amakhoba elayisi noma akhokhonathi, nomanyolo womquba wezinkukhu.

Amanye amasampula abequkethe ingxube yenhlabathi nomquba wezinkukhu, ane-biochar yamakhoba elayisi, ne-biochar yamahleza.

Isampula ngalilodwa beliqukethe u-1% womquba, u1% we-biochar ngayinye, ukuze abacwaningi bakwazi ukuphenya umthelela wengxube ngayinye ezingeni lenhlabathi.

Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ukwengeza i-biochar nomquba enhlabathini, ngakodwa noma ndawonye, kunyuse i-pH yenhlabathi yasuka ku 0.28-2.29 wamaynithi e-pH, uma eqhathaniswa nenhlabathi engaxutshiwe.

Ukunyuka kwe-pH kusho ukuthi inhlabathi iba ne-esidi encane.

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukuphefumula, noma inani elincane le-carbon dioxide elikhishwa inhlabathi, linyuke uma kufakwa umquba kuphela, noma uma umquba uhlanganiswa ne-biochar yamakhoba elayisi, yamahleza noma ama-biochar axutshiwe.

Amasampula enhlabathi akhombise ikunyuka kwe-organic carbon content ngo 37% uma kusetshenziswa umquba kuphela, nokunyuka ngo 117% uma kuxutshwe i-biochar yamahleza nomquba.

Inani lokusebenza kwama-microorganism kunyuke ngo 132% lapho inhlabathi uxutshwe nomquba ne-biochar yamakhoba elayisi, uma iqhathaniswa nokunyuka ngo 247% emasampuleni enhlabani abenomquba kuphela.

Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ibonisa ukuthi uyakwazi ukwehlisa i-esidi yenhlabathi nge-biochar, etholakala kalula futhi eshibhile.

Lokhu kuqhathaniswa nokufaka umcako enhlabathini, okubuzayo futhi okungatholakali kalula kubalimi abasafufusa e- sub-Saharan Afrika.